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Python 2.6, PIL, Django 1.3 e MySQLdb no CentOS 5.5

by Ricardo Bánffy last modified Apr 12, 2011 02:22 PM
— filed under: , , , , ,

Instalar um ambiente Django razoavelmente moderno em um CentOS 5.5 (e, presumivelmente, em um Red Hat 5.x) pode não ser uma tarefa trivial - envolve, por exemplo, algumas decisões que precisam ser tomadas e, às vezes, um ou outro sacrifício que precisa ser feito.

Vamos começar com uma instalação mínima do CentOS. No nosso caso, escolhemos o 5.5 por ser o mais novo. Baixado o .iso (eu baixei o instalador via rede, que é minúsculo), rodado o instalador e instalado um CentOS 5.5 básico, podemos entrar no seu terminal e começar a brincar.

Last login: Fri Apr  8 19:29:35 2011
[root@centos ~]# python
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Sep  3 2009, 15:37:12)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
[root@centos ~]#

O Python 2.4 que vem instalado no CentOS 5 (e no RHEL 5) não é o ideal. E não é por vários motivos: nossas aplicações Django podem querer instalar bibliotecas que conflitem com as bibliotecas que fazem parte da instalação do Python padrão do Red Hat e, como essa instalação é parte muito importante do sistema (o sistema de gerenciamento de pacotes depende dele, por exemplo). é bom não quebrá-lo

Felizmente, o pessoal do Fedora mantém um repositório de extras, o EPEL, com versões mais novas de partes do RHEL 5 (e que servem no CentOS) preparadas de modo a não conflitar com as partes originais do sistema.

Instalar esse repositório entre as fontes de software usuais do yum é bastante simples.

[root@centos ~]# wget http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm
--2011-04-08 19:36:47--  http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm
Resolving mirrors.ucr.ac.cr... 163.178.174.25
Connecting to mirrors.ucr.ac.cr|163.178.174.25|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 11989 (12K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: `epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm'

100%[======================================>] 11,989      31.5K/s   in 0.4s    

2011-04-08 19:36:48 (31.5 KB/s) - `epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm' saved [11989/11989]

[root@centos ~]# rpm -i epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm 
warning: epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6

Aqui ele nos avisa que a assinatura criptográfica do EPEL não bate com as chaves nas quais nossa instalação confia. Não vou me dar o trabalho de importar essas chaves porque eu quero ser avisado quando for instalar algo que não faça parte do CentOS padrão. Agora vamos ver que versão de Python temos no EPEL:

[root@centos ~]# yum search python26
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * addons: centos.ufms.br
 * base: centos.ufms.br
 * epel: mirror.karneval.cz
 * extras: holmes.umflint.edu
 * updates: centos.ufms.br
addons                                                   |  951 B     00:00     
addons/primary                                           |  202 B     00:00     
base                                                     | 1.1 kB     00:00     
base/primary                                             | 954 kB     00:00     
base                                                                  2683/2683
epel                                                     | 3.7 kB     00:00     
epel/primary_db                                          | 3.0 MB     00:02     
extras                                                   | 2.1 kB     00:00     
extras/primary_db                                        | 181 kB     00:00     
updates                                                  | 1.9 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                                       | 190 kB     00:00     
============================== Matched: python26 ===============================
dpm-python26.i386 : Disk Pool Manager (DPM) python bindings
lfc-python26.i386 : LCG File Catalog (LFC) python bindings
python26.i386 : An interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
              : language

A saída vai continuar. No meio dela veremos isso aqui (que tem o easy_install desse Python - nós queremos usá-lo)

python26-distribute.noarch : Easily build and distribute Python packages

E vemos que temos uma PIL (Python Imaging Library) já pronta. Isso é ótimo pra nós.

python26-imaging.i386 : Python's own image processing library

Nem tudo aqui são boas notícias - o repositório EPEL não tem um Python 2.7. Para termos o 2.7 teríamos que compilar nosso próprio Python e a PIL correspondente. O Pyhon, por si, não é grande problema, mas compilar uma PIL pode dar mais trabalho do que você quer. Outra coisa - tudo o que você instala fora do gerenciamento de pacotes tem que ser mantido por você. O Yum acha, sozinho, updates e pode aplicá-los, mas isso não vale pra o que você instala por conta própria. O pip também ajuda a instalar/atualizar bibliotecas do Python, mas o processo é manual.

É por isso que vamos ficar com o Python 2.6. Decidido isso, podemos instalar pedaços que estão no EPEL (eu não preciso mencionar o python26, porque os outros dois dependem dele.

Mesmo dentro do EPEL, nem tudo do que vimos é bom. Ficaram faltando o driver do MySQL e o Django (que não estão na lista). Vamos resolver isso mais para a frente, de outro jeito.

[root@centos ~]# yum install python26-imaging.i386 python26-distribute.noarch
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * addons: centos.ufms.br
 * base: centos.ufms.br
 * epel: mirror.karneval.cz
 * extras: holmes.umflint.edu
 * updates: centos.ufms.br
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python26-distribute.noarch 0:0.6.10-4.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/python2.6 for package: python26-distribute
---> Package python26-imaging.i386 0:1.1.7-4.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libpython2.6.so.1.0 for package: python26-imaging
--> Processing Dependency: liblcms.so.1 for package: python26-imaging
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lcms.i386 0:1.18-0.1.beta1.el5_3.2 set to be updated
---> Package python26.i386 0:2.6.5-6.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libffi.so.5 for package: python26
---> Package python26-libs.i386 0:2.6.5-6.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libffi.i386 0:3.0.5-1.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                 Arch       Version                      Repository
                                                                           Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 python26-distribute     noarch     0.6.10-4.el5                 epel     510 k
 python26-imaging        i386       1.1.7-4.el5                  epel     477 k
Installing for dependencies:
 lcms                    i386       1.18-0.1.beta1.el5_3.2       base     176 k
 libffi                  i386       3.0.5-1.el5                  epel      21 k
 python26                i386       2.6.5-6.el5                  epel     6.5 M
 python26-libs           i386       2.6.5-6.el5                  epel     667 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       6 Package(s)
Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 8.3 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y

Dizendo "y", ele continua instalando o resto

Downloading Packages:
(1/6): libffi-3.0.5-1.el5.i386.rpm                       |  21 kB     00:00     
(2/6): lcms-1.18-0.1.beta1.el5_3.2.i386.rpm              | 176 kB     00:00     
(3/6): python26-imaging-1.1.7-4.el5.i386.rpm             | 477 kB     00:01     
(4/6): python26-distribute-0.6.10-4.el5.noarch.rpm       | 510 kB     00:00     
(5/6): python26-libs-2.6.5-6.el5.i386.rpm                | 667 kB     00:01     
(6/6): python26-2.6.5-6.el5.i386.rpm                     | 6.5 MB     00:15     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           359 kB/s | 8.3 MB     00:23     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6
epel/gpgkey                                              | 1.7 kB     00:00     
Importing GPG key 0x217521F6 "Fedora EPEL <[email protected]>" from 
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL
Is this ok [y/N]: y
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897
base/gpgkey                                              | 1.5 kB     00:00     
Importing GPG key 0xE8562897 "CentOS-5 Key (CentOS 5 Official Signing Key) 
<[email protected]>" 
from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : lcms                                                     1/6 
  Installing     : libffi                                                   2/6 
  Installing     : python26                                                 3/6 
  Installing     : python26-libs                                            4/6 
  Installing     : python26-distribute                                      5/6 
  Installing     : python26-imaging                                         6/6 

Installed:
  python26-distribute.noarch 0:0.6.10-4.el5 python26-imaging.i386 0:1.1.7-4.el5

Dependency Installed:
  lcms.i386 0:1.18-0.1.beta1.el5_3.2      libffi.i386 0:3.0.5-1.el5            
  python26.i386 0:2.6.5-6.el5             python26-libs.i386 0:2.6.5-6.el5     

Complete!

Fizemos um bom progresso até agora.

[root@centos ~]# which easy_install-2.6 
/usr/bin/easy_install-2.6

Vimos que o easy_install está onde devia estar

[root@centos ~]# python2.6
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Feb 28 2011, 21:55:56) 
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import Image
>>> i = Image.open('/usr/share/gtk-2.0/demo/background.jpg')
>>> i.size
(400, 400)
>>> 

E que o Python 2.6 tem a PIL funcionando e que entende um JPEG. Agora vamos usar o easy_install para instalar o pip. O easy_install tem um defeito sério - não ter um easy_uninstall. Esse problema é resolvido pelo pip, e é por isso que vamos instalá-lo usando o easy_install. Tanto easy_install quanto pip usam repositórios que não são os do sistema. Foi por isso que instalamos um segundo Python que não é usado por mais ninguém além de nós.

[root@centos ~]# easy_install-2.6 pip
Searching for pip
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/
Reading http://pip.openplans.org
Reading http://www.pip-installer.org
Best match: pip 1.0
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.0.tar.gz#
md5=327fc4a03df189506966e15021730550
Processing pip-1.0.tar.gz
Running pip-1.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-5H9hmm/pip-1.0/
egg-dist-tmp-ZW3H2k
warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.txt' found under directory 'docs/_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build/_sources'
Adding pip 1.0 to easy-install.pth file
Installing pip script to /usr/bin
Installing pip-2.6 script to /usr/bin

Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-1.0-py2.6.egg
Processing dependencies for pip
Finished processing dependencies for pip

Como não encontramos um pacote já compilado pro driver MySQL do Python, precisamos instalar um compilador C++, os headers do Python 2.6 e do MySQL (vamos precisar disso para compilar o driver Python do MySQL nós mesmos). Não se deixe intimidar - afinal, você é um sysadmin.

[root@centos ~]# yum install rpm-build gcc-c++ python26-devel mysql-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * addons: centos.ufms.br
 * base: centos.ufms.br
 * epel: mirror.karneval.cz
 * extras: holmes.umflint.edu
 * updates: centos.ufms.br
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc-c++.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel = 4.1.2-50.el5 for package: gcc-c++
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++ = 4.1.2-50.el5 for package: gcc-c++
--> Processing Dependency: gcc = 4.1.2-50.el5 for package: gcc-c++
---> Package mysql-devel.i386 0:5.0.77-4.el5_5.5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.0.77-4.el5_5.5 for package: mysql-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.15 for package: mysql-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.15 for package: mysql-devel
--> Processing Dependency: openssl-devel for package: mysql-devel
---> Package python26-devel.i386 0:2.6.5-6.el5 set to be updated
---> Package rpm-build.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: popt = 1.10.2.3-22.el5 for package: rpm-build
--> Processing Dependency: rpm = 4.4.2.3-22.el5 for package: rpm-build
--> Processing Dependency: rpm-libs = 4.4.2.3-22.el5 for package: rpm-build
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils for package: rpm-build
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils.i386 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libs-i386 = 0.137-3.el5 for package: elfutils
--> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.127) for package: elfutils
--> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.122) for package: elfutils
--> Processing Dependency: libasm.so.1 for package: elfutils
--> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.130) for package: elfutils
--> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1 for package: elfutils
--> Processing Dependency: libasm.so.1(ELFUTILS_1.0) for package: elfutils
--> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.126) for package: elfutils
---> Package gcc.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.1.2-50.el5 for package: gcc
--> Processing Dependency: libgcc >= 4.1.2-50.el5 for package: gcc
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp >= 4.1.2-50.el5 for package: gcc
---> Package libstdc++.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libstdc++-devel.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5 set to be updated
addons/filelists                                         |  195 B     00:00     
base/filelists                                           | 2.9 MB     00:01     
epel/filelists_db                                        | 4.5 MB     00:09     
extras/filelists_db                                      | 195 kB     00:00     
updates/filelists_db                                     | 796 kB     00:06     
---> Package mysql.i386 0:5.0.77-4.el5_5.5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql
---> Package openssl-devel.i386 0:0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: openssl = 0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7 for package: openssl-devel
--> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel for package: openssl-devel
--> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel for package: openssl-devel
--> Processing Dependency: popt = 1.10.2.3-18.el5 for package: rpm-python
---> Package popt.i386 0:1.10.2.3-22.el5 set to be updated
---> Package rpm.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5 set to be updated
---> Package rpm-libs.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cpp.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5 set to be updated
---> Package elfutils-libs.i386 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-58 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.5-58 for package: glibc-devel
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.5-58 for package: glibc-devel
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel
---> Package krb5-devel.i386 0:1.6.1-55.el5_6.1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: krb5-libs = 1.6.1-55.el5_6.1 for package: krb5-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel for package: krb5-devel
--> Processing Dependency: e2fsprogs-devel for package: krb5-devel
--> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs-devel for package: krb5-devel
---> Package libgcc.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libgomp.i386 0:4.4.4-13.el5 set to be updated
---> Package openssl.i686 0:0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7 set to be updated
---> Package perl-DBI.i386 0:1.52-2.el5 set to be updated
---> Package rpm-python.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5 set to be updated
---> Package zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package e2fsprogs-devel.i386 0:1.39-23.el5_5.1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: e2fsprogs-libs = 1.39-23.el5_5.1 for package: e2fsprogs-devel
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.5-49 for package: nscd
---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.5-58 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-common = 2.5-58 for package: glibc
---> Package glibc-headers.i386 0:2.5-58 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers
---> Package keyutils-libs-devel.i386 0:1.2-1.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: krb5-libs = 1.6.1-36.el5_4.1 for package: krb5-workstation
---> Package krb5-libs.i386 0:1.6.1-55.el5_6.1 set to be updated
---> Package libselinux-devel.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux = 1.33.4-5.7.el5 for package: libselinux-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libsepol-devel >= 1.15.2-1 for package: libselinux-devel
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: e2fsprogs-libs = 1.39-23.el5 for package: e2fsprogs
---> Package e2fsprogs-libs.i386 0:1.39-23.el5_5.1 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-common.i386 0:2.5-58 set to be updated
---> Package kernel-headers.i386 0:2.6.18-238.5.1.el5 set to be updated
---> Package krb5-workstation.i386 0:1.6.1-55.el5_6.1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux = 1.33.4-5.5.el5 for package: libselinux-utils
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux = 1.33.4-5.5.el5 for package: libselinux-python
---> Package libselinux.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libsepol-devel.i386 0:1.15.2-3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package nscd.i386 0:2.5-58 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package e2fsprogs.i386 0:1.39-23.el5_5.1 set to be updated
---> Package libselinux-python.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libselinux-utils.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                  Arch      Version                  Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 gcc-c++                  i386      4.1.2-50.el5             base         3.4 M
 mysql-devel              i386      5.0.77-4.el5_5.5         updates      2.4 M
 python26-devel           i386      2.6.5-6.el5              epel         169 k
 rpm-build                i386      4.4.2.3-22.el5           base         302 k
Installing for dependencies:
 cpp                      i386      4.1.2-50.el5             base         2.7 M
 e2fsprogs-devel          i386      1.39-23.el5_5.1          base         569 k
 elfutils                 i386      0.137-3.el5              base         228 k
 elfutils-libs            i386      0.137-3.el5              base         193 k
 gcc                      i386      4.1.2-50.el5             base         5.2 M
 glibc-devel              i386      2.5-58                   base         2.0 M
 glibc-headers            i386      2.5-58                   base         603 k
 kernel-headers           i386      2.6.18-238.5.1.el5       updates      1.1 M
 keyutils-libs-devel      i386      1.2-1.el5                base          27 k
 krb5-devel               i386      1.6.1-55.el5_6.1         updates      1.9 M
 libgomp                  i386      4.4.4-13.el5             base          72 k
 libselinux-devel         i386      1.33.4-5.7.el5           base         144 k
 libsepol-devel           i386      1.15.2-3.el5             base         187 k
 libstdc++-devel          i386      4.1.2-50.el5             base         2.8 M
 mysql                    i386      5.0.77-4.el5_5.5         updates      4.8 M
 openssl-devel            i386      0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7        base         1.9 M
 perl-DBI                 i386      1.52-2.el5               base         600 k
 zlib-devel               i386      1.2.3-3                  base         101 k
Updating for dependencies:
 e2fsprogs                i386      1.39-23.el5_5.1          base         977 k
 e2fsprogs-libs           i386      1.39-23.el5_5.1          base         118 k
 glibc                    i686      2.5-58                   base         5.3 M
 glibc-common             i386      2.5-58                   base          16 M
 krb5-libs                i386      1.6.1-55.el5_6.1         updates      666 k
 krb5-workstation         i386      1.6.1-55.el5_6.1         updates      885 k
 libgcc                   i386      4.1.2-50.el5             base          96 k
 libselinux               i386      1.33.4-5.7.el5           base          77 k
 libselinux-python        i386      1.33.4-5.7.el5           base          73 k
 libselinux-utils         i386      1.33.4-5.7.el5           base          55 k
 libstdc++                i386      4.1.2-50.el5             base         362 k
 nscd                     i386      2.5-58                   base         166 k
 openssl                  i686      0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7        base         1.4 M
 popt                     i386      1.10.2.3-22.el5          base          75 k
 rpm                      i386      4.4.2.3-22.el5           base         1.2 M
 rpm-libs                 i386      4.4.2.3-22.el5           base         928 k
 rpm-python               i386      4.4.2.3-22.el5           base          60 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install      22 Package(s)
Upgrade      17 Package(s)

Total download size: 60 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/39): keyutils-libs-devel-1.2-1.el5.i386.rpm           |  27 kB     00:00     
(2/39): libselinux-utils-1.33.4-5.7.el5.i386.rpm         |  55 kB     00:00     
(3/39): rpm-python-4.4.2.3-22.el5.i386.rpm               |  60 kB     00:00     
(4/39): libgomp-4.4.4-13.el5.i386.rpm                    |  72 kB     00:00     
(5/39): libselinux-python-1.33.4-5.7.el5.i386.rpm        |  73 kB     00:00     
(6/39): popt-1.10.2.3-22.el5.i386.rpm                    |  75 kB     00:00     
(7/39): libselinux-1.33.4-5.7.el5.i386.rpm               |  77 kB     00:00     
(8/39): libgcc-4.1.2-50.el5.i386.rpm                     |  96 kB     00:00     
(9/39): zlib-devel-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm                      | 101 kB     00:00     
(10/39): e2fsprogs-libs-1.39-23.el5_5.1.i386.rpm         | 118 kB     00:00     
(11/39): libselinux-devel-1.33.4-5.7.el5.i386.rpm        | 144 kB     00:00     
(12/39): nscd-2.5-58.i386.rpm                            | 166 kB     00:00     
(13/39): python26-devel-2.6.5-6.el5.i386.rpm             | 169 kB     00:01     
(14/39): libsepol-devel-1.15.2-3.el5.i386.rpm            | 187 kB     00:00     
(15/39): elfutils-libs-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm              | 193 kB     00:00     
(16/39): elfutils-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm                   | 228 kB     00:00     
(17/39): rpm-build-4.4.2.3-22.el5.i386.rpm               | 302 kB     00:00     
(18/39): libstdc++-4.1.2-50.el5.i386.rpm                 | 362 kB     00:00     
(19/39): e2fsprogs-devel-1.39-23.el5_5.1.i386.rpm        | 569 kB     00:00     
(20/39): perl-DBI-1.52-2.el5.i386.rpm                    | 600 kB     00:00     
(21/39): glibc-headers-2.5-58.i386.rpm                   | 603 kB     00:01     
(22/39): krb5-libs-1.6.1-55.el5_6.1.i386.rpm             | 666 kB     00:04     
(23/39): krb5-workstation-1.6.1-55.el5_6.1.i386.rpm      | 885 kB     00:01     
(24/39): rpm-libs-4.4.2.3-22.el5.i386.rpm                | 928 kB     00:00     
(25/39): e2fsprogs-1.39-23.el5_5.1.i386.rpm              | 977 kB     00:00     
(26/39): kernel-headers-2.6.18-238.5.1.el5.i386.rpm      | 1.1 MB     00:00     
(27/39): rpm-4.4.2.3-22.el5.i386.rpm                     | 1.2 MB     00:00     
(28/39): openssl-0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7.i686.rpm              | 1.4 MB     00:01     
(29/39): krb5-devel-1.6.1-55.el5_6.1.i386.rpm            | 1.9 MB     00:06     
(30/39): openssl-devel-0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7.i386.rpm        | 1.9 MB     00:01     
(31/39): glibc-devel-2.5-58.i386.rpm                     | 2.0 MB     00:01     
(32/39): mysql-devel-5.0.77-4.el5_5.5.i386.rpm           | 2.4 MB     00:02     
(33/39): cpp-4.1.2-50.el5.i386.rpm                       | 2.7 MB     00:05     
(34/39): libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-50.el5.i386.rpm           | 2.8 MB     00:03     
(35/39): gcc-c++-4.1.2-50.el5.i386.rpm                   | 3.4 MB     00:07     
(36/39): mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_5.5.i386.rpm                 | 4.8 MB     00:03     
(37/39): gcc-4.1.2-50.el5.i386.rpm                       | 5.2 MB     00:09     
(38/39): glibc-2.5-58.i686.rpm                           | 5.3 MB     00:03     
(39/39): glibc-common-2.5-58.i386.rpm                    |  16 MB     00:25     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           642 kB/s |  60 MB     01:35     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Updating       : glibc-common                                            1/56 
  Installing     : kernel-headers                                          2/56 
  Installing     : libsepol-devel                                          3/56 
  Installing     : zlib-devel                                              4/56 
  Installing     : keyutils-libs-devel                                     5/56 
  Updating       : libgcc                                                  6/56 
  Updating       : glibc                                                   7/56 
  Updating       : libselinux                                              8/56 
  Updating       : e2fsprogs-libs                                          9/56 
  Updating       : popt                                                   10/56 
  Updating       : krb5-libs                                              11/56 
  Updating       : libstdc++                                              12/56 
  Updating       : openssl                                                13/56 
  Installing     : libgomp                                                14/56 
  Installing     : perl-DBI                                               15/56 
  Installing     : mysql                                                  16/56 
  Installing     : cpp                                                    17/56 
  Installing     : elfutils-libs                                          18/56 
  Installing     : elfutils                                               19/56 
  Updating       : krb5-workstation                                       20/56 
  Updating       : e2fsprogs                                              21/56 
  Updating       : libselinux-python                                      22/56 
  Updating       : libselinux-utils                                       23/56 
  Updating       : nscd                                                   24/56 
  Installing     : libstdc++-devel                                        25/56 
  Installing     : e2fsprogs-devel                                        26/56 
  Installing     : libselinux-devel                                       27/56 
  Installing     : glibc-headers                                          28/56 
  Installing     : glibc-devel                                            29/56 
  Installing     : python26-devel                                         30/56 
  Installing     : gcc                                                    31/56 
  Installing     : krb5-devel                                             32/56 
  Installing     : gcc-c++                                                33/56 
  Installing     : openssl-devel                                          34/56 
  Installing     : mysql-devel                                            35/56 
  Updating       : rpm-libs                                               36/56 
  Updating       : rpm                                                    37/56 
  Installing     : rpm-build                                              38/56 
  Updating       : rpm-python                                             39/56 
  Cleanup        : e2fsprogs-libs                                         40/56 
  Cleanup        : glibc-common                                           41/56 
  Cleanup        : libselinux-python                                      42/56 
  Cleanup        : krb5-workstation                                       43/56 
  Cleanup        : rpm                                                    44/56 
  Cleanup        : rpm-python                                             45/56 
  Cleanup        : libstdc++                                              46/56 
  Cleanup        : libselinux-utils                                       47/56 
  Cleanup        : popt                                                   48/56 
  Cleanup        : nscd                                                   49/56 
  Cleanup        : glibc                                                  50/56 
  Cleanup        : e2fsprogs                                              51/56 
  Cleanup        : libgcc                                                 52/56 
  Cleanup        : krb5-libs                                              53/56 
  Cleanup        : libselinux                                             54/56 
  Cleanup        : rpm-libs                                               55/56 
  Cleanup        : openssl                                                56/56 

Installed:
  gcc-c++.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5           mysql-devel.i386 0:5.0.77-4.el5_5.5    
  python26-devel.i386 0:2.6.5-6.el5     rpm-build.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5        

Dependency Installed:
  cpp.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5              e2fsprogs-devel.i386 0:1.39-23.el5_5.1  
  elfutils.i386 0:0.137-3.el5          elfutils-libs.i386 0:0.137-3.el5        
  gcc.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5              glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-58               
  glibc-headers.i386 0:2.5-58          kernel-headers.i386 0:2.6.18-238.5.1.el5
  keyutils-libs-devel.i386 0:1.2-1.el5 krb5-devel.i386 0:1.6.1-55.el5_6.1      
  libgomp.i386 0:4.4.4-13.el5          libselinux-devel.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5  
  libsepol-devel.i386 0:1.15.2-3.el5   libstdc++-devel.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5     
  mysql.i386 0:5.0.77-4.el5_5.5        openssl-devel.i386 0:0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7  
  perl-DBI.i386 0:1.52-2.el5           zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3               

Dependency Updated:
  e2fsprogs.i386 0:1.39-23.el5_5.1                                              
  e2fsprogs-libs.i386 0:1.39-23.el5_5.1                                         
  glibc.i686 0:2.5-58                                                           
  glibc-common.i386 0:2.5-58                                                    
  krb5-libs.i386 0:1.6.1-55.el5_6.1                                             
  krb5-workstation.i386 0:1.6.1-55.el5_6.1                                      
  libgcc.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5                                                    
  libselinux.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5                                              
  libselinux-python.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5                                       
  libselinux-utils.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5                                        
  libstdc++.i386 0:4.1.2-50.el5                                                 
  nscd.i386 0:2.5-58                                                            
  openssl.i686 0:0.9.8e-12.el5_5.7                                              
  popt.i386 0:1.10.2.3-22.el5                                                   
  rpm.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5                                                     
  rpm-libs.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5                                                
  rpm-python.i386 0:4.4.2.3-22.el5                                              

Complete!

Isso foi grande, mas o yum fez todo o trabalho sujo por você. Agora precisamos do código do driver MySQL do Python. Você encontra esse cara no SourceForge (pense em "GitHub dos anos 90").

[root@centos ~]# wget http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mysql-python/mysql-python/1.2.3/
MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
--2011-04-08 20:06:12--  http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mysql-python/mysql-python/
1.2.3/MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
Resolving ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net... 200.236.31.2
Connecting to ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net|200.236.31.2|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 70305 (69K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz'

100%[======================================>] 70,305       328K/s   in 0.2s    

2011-04-08 20:06:13 (328 KB/s) - `MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz' saved [70305/70305]

[root@centos ~]# tar zxvf MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz 
MySQL-python-1.2.3/
MySQL-python-1.2.3/setup.py
MySQL-python-1.2.3/doc/
MySQL-python-1.2.3/doc/FAQ.txt
MySQL-python-1.2.3/doc/.cvsignore
MySQL-python-1.2.3/doc/MySQLdb.txt
MySQL-python-1.2.3/MANIFEST.in
MySQL-python-1.2.3/_mysql.c
MySQL-python-1.2.3/_mysql_exceptions.py
MySQL-python-1.2.3/ez_setup.py
MySQL-python-1.2.3/setup.cfg

zzz

MySQL-python-1.2.3/MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
MySQL-python-1.2.3/MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO
MySQL-python-1.2.3/MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt
MySQL-python-1.2.3/setup_common.py
MySQL-python-1.2.3/README

Agora a dança da instalação

[root@centos ~]# cd MySQL-python-1.2.3
[root@centos MySQL-python-1.2.3]# python2.6 setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
reading manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching 'MANIFEST'
warning: no files found matching 'ChangeLog'
warning: no files found matching 'GPL'
writing manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build/bdist.linux-i686/egg
running install_lib
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6
creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.linux-i686-2.6
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 
-fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m32 -march=i386 -mtune=generic 
-fasynchronous-unwind-tables -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0)
-D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o 
build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/_mysql.o -g -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions 
-fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m32 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -D_GNU_SOURCE 
-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv gcc -pthread -shared 
build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib/mysql -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib -lmysqlclient_r -lz 
-lpthread -lcrypt -lnsl -lm -lpthread -lssl -lcrypto -lpython2.6 -o 
build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/_mysql.so
creating build/bdist.linux-i686
creating build/bdist.linux-i686/egg
creating build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/times.py -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb
creating build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> 
build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> 
build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> 
build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> 
build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> 
build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> 
build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> 
build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/release.py -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/_mysql_exceptions.py -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/_mysql.so -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/times.py to times.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/connections.py to connections.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py to cursors.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/converters.py to converters.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py to FLAG.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py to CLIENT.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants/CR.py to CR.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py to FIELD_TYPE.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py to REFRESH.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/constants/ER.py to ER.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/release.py to release.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/_mysql_exceptions.py to _mysql_exceptions.pyc
creating stub loader for _mysql.so
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/_mysql.py to _mysql.pyc
creating build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying MySQL_python.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
writing build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO/native_libs.txt
zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
creating dist
creating 'dist/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-i686.egg' and adding 
'build/bdist.linux-i686/egg' to it
removing 'build/bdist.linux-i686/egg' (and everything under it)
Processing MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-i686.egg
creating /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-i686.egg
Extracting MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-i686.egg to /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
Adding MySQL-python 1.2.3 to easy-install.pth file

Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-i686.egg
Processing dependencies for MySQL-python==1.2.3
Finished processing dependencies for MySQL-python==1.2.3

Agora é testar.

[root@centos MySQL-python-1.2.3]# python -c "import MySQLdb"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in ?
  File "MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in ?
    import _mysql
ImportError: No module named _mysql

Oops! Esse foi o Python 2.4. Não tínhamos instalado o driver para ele. Tudo bem, porque não vamos usá-lo. Se algum dia o CentOS quiser instalar um driver de MySQL para ele, ele pode. Nós não vamos.

[root@centos MySQL-python-1.2.3]# python2.6 -c "import MySQLdb"
[root@centos MySQL-python-1.2.3]# 

Unixes adotam a filosofia de no news is good news. Nesse caso, nada aconteceu. Isso inclui "nada de errado", o que só pode ser um bom sinal. Agora vamos instalar o Django do jeito mais simples que existe - usando o pip:

[root@centos ~]# pip-2.6 install django
Downloading/unpacking django
  Downloading Django-1.3.tar.gz (6.5Mb): 6.5Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package django
Installing collected packages: django
  Running setup.py install for django
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/django-admin.py from 644 to 755
    changing mode of /usr/bin/django-admin.py to 755
Successfully installed django
Cleaning up...

E testá-lo:

[root@centos ~]# python2.6
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Feb 28 2011, 21:55:56) 
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.get_version()
'1.3'
>>> 

E ainda é a versão mais nova!

Os próximos passos são instalar um MySQL, um Apache, um mod_wsgi e montar uma aplicação besta para ter certeza de que todas as peças estão nos seus devidos lugares. Isso fica para um próximo artigo.